The attraction between this positive charge and the negatively charged comb results in a net force on the water, bending the stream. Visit Exploratorium for more fun experiments with static electricity. Planet Science. Advanced Search. Under 11s. Over 11s. Under 11s Technology. Chemistry chaos. Our world. Our bodies. What do you know about? How to bend water - magic or science?
Furthermore, the type of liquid impacts refraction. This is because different materials have different indexes of refraction. Objects in water appear larger than objects in the air. The index of refraction for air is 1. The index of refraction for water is 1. This larger index of refraction for water means that the angle the rays of light reach your eyes is larger in water than the angle would be in the air.
This increase in the angle size of light to your eyes makes the object look larger in water than how it looks in the air. The ruler looks larger still in rubbing alcohol and especially in cooking oil because the index of refraction for rubbing alcohol is 1. Why does the Arrow Change Direction — Watch in amazement as the arrow to changes direction. Can Water Bend a Straw — Another simple and fun experiment that shows refraction in action.
Slowly pour rubbing alcohol into the glass until the glass is almost full of liquid. Wait for about 30 seconds to allow the liquids to settle. Slowly lower the ruler into the glass and then look into the side of the glass.
Only the left and right extremities edges of the pencil are considered. The blue lines depict the path of light to your right eye and the red lines depict the path of light to your left eye. Observe that the light path has bent at the boundary. Dashed lines represent the extensions of the lines of sight backwards into the water.
Observe that these extension lines intersect at a given point; the point represents the image of the left and the right edge of the pencil. Finally, observe that the image of the pencil is wider than the actual pencil.
A ray model of light that considers the refraction of light at boundaries adequately explains the broken pencil observations. The broken pencil phenomenon occurs during your everyday spearfishing outing. Fortunately for the fish, light refracts as it travels from the fish in the water to the eyes of the hunter. The refraction occurs at the water-air boundary. Due to this bending of the path of light, a fish appears to be at a location where it isn't.
A visual distortion occurs. Subsequently, the hunter launches the spear at the location where the fish is thought to be and misses the fish. Of course, the fish are never concerned about such hunters; they know that light refracts at the boundary and that the location where the hunter is sighting is not the same location as the actual fish. How did the fish get so smart and learn all this? They live in schools. We will investigate this aspect of refraction in great detail in Lesson 2.
For now, it is sufficient to say that as the hunter with the spear sights more perpendicular to the water, the amount of refraction decreases. The most successful hunters are those who sight perpendicular to the water. And the smartest fish are those who head for the deep when they spot hunters who sight in this direction.
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