Franks, one of the only major powers in Europe at the time, confronted Muslims and defeated them. The battle also led to the creation of Carolingian Empire of the Franks. Charlemagne is considered one of the most eminent of Frankish rulers who conquered vast regions of Western Europe and carved out a huge Empire. In , he was crowned as the Holy Roman Emperor which effectively consolidated the political and religious power in his person, allying his Empire closely with the Catholic Church.
Vikings were a formidable force which emerged in the 9th century and continued to be a considerable power until the 11th century. Vikings rose from Scandinavia and were a warrior people who raided many areas of Europe, including the Byzantine Empire and Russia.
Their attacks would continue for two centuries. Alfred The Great became the King of England in He was the first King to rule over a united England and established a solid basis for a monarchical rule in England. He also warded off the threat of the Vikings successfully. Otto asserted the imperial authority against the authority of the Church.
He was the first German to be made King over lands including Italy. William of Normandy conquered England in , putting an end to the Anglo-Saxon nobility established by Alfred The Great many centuries earlier. This is often a date given for the official Fall of Rome.
Featured Video. Cite this Article Format. Gill, N. Timelines and Chronologies of Roman Emperors. The End of the Roman Republic Timeline. Economic Reasons for the Fall of Rome. The Roman Republic's 3 Branches of Government. Timeline of the Period of the Dominate. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for ThoughtCo. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification. This vicious circle was finally halted, and the empire given breathing space, by the emperor Diocletian r— At the battle of the Milvian Bridge in AD , the emperor Constantine sent his troops into combat with crosses painted on their shields.
Although Christianity was still a minority religion in the reign of Constantine, two events in the third-century crisis had brought the faith into unexpected prominence. Christians had been persecuted from the earliest days of the religion.
Yet, with the exception of Nero seeking scapegoats for the great fire of Rome in AD 64, emperors had not sponsored this persecution. In AD , in the face of mounting troubles and seeking to restore divine favour to Rome, the emperor Decius ordered all his subjects to sacrifice to the pagan gods. Later, in AD and the emperor Valerian issued edicts explicitly commanding Christians to return to the traditional gods.
The fate of these two imperial persecutors gave a huge boost to Christianity. Fighting the Goths in AD , Decius became the first Roman emperor to die in battle against the barbarians. In AD , Valerian was captured alive by the Sassanid Persians, the only emperor ever to suffer such a misfortune.
Christians exulted in the vengeance taken by their God, and pagans were given reason to think about the power of the deity of this previously obscure sect. In AD the Goths sacked the city of Rome. It has been estimated that more than modern explanations have been put forward to explain the fall of Rome. These range from the rise of Christian monks and clergy so many unproductive mouths to feed to impotence brought on by too many hot baths.
Others, more convincingly, have reiterated the violence, destruction and horror of its downfall. Such vibrant debates underpin the perennial fascination of this world-changing event. Harry Sidebottom is a lecturer in ancient history at Lincoln College, Oxford, and author of the Warrior of Rome and Throne of the Caesars series of novels.
Sign in. Back to Main menu Virtual events Masterclasses. Home Period Roman 10 key Roman dates you need to know. Diocletian designated the general Maximian to take charge of the western regions of the Empire, while the emperor governed over the eastern regions.
Years later, he would appoint two Caesars. After the abdication of Diocletian in , a series of conflicts took place until , when Constantine became the sole emperor of the West. He was to be the last emperor of the unified empire. He instituted Christianity as the official religion of the Empire. The capital of the Empire is moved to the ancient city of Byzantium , which is reconstructed. Byzantium, from 8 November, , is renamed Constantinople or the city of Constantine.
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