These include:. Parental training and therapy can also help parents get support with raising a child on the autism spectrum. If you think you or a loved one may be autistic, a good next step involves connecting with a doctor, mental health professional, or other specialist. Learn more about autism in adults. In search of more information or support? There are resources for autistic people of all ages, as well as their parents and other family members.
Get started by:. Discover what it means, how different autism levels are treated, and more. Asperger's symptoms in adults include symptoms of other autism spectrum disorders, such as limited eye contact, difficulty functioning in social…. Both Asperger's and ADHD are conditions which may be diagnosed early in life, and they may share certain symptoms which may appear similar.
But there…. Some have provided clues that help doctors identify potential triggers. Studies on identical twins have shown that if one twin has an autism spectrum disorder, the other is likely to be affected between 36 and 95 percent of the time. Fragile X syndrome is the most commonly known single-gene disorder, and accounts for about 2 to 3 percent of all autism spectrum disorders. They hope to provide more answers to help better explain this complex connection. Imaging studies of people with autism spectrum disorders have shown differences in certain parts of the brain, especially in the areas known as the frontal and temporal lobes.
Researchers are working to figure out whether these changes are due to gene abnormalities, damage during pregnancy or birth, an injury during the first few months of life, or a combination of several factors. Some possibilities include:. You might have heard that vaccines are linked to autism, but this claim is unproven. On the contrary, extensive research has shown there is no link between vaccines and autism spectrum disorders.
Years ago, one controversial study that caused concern over the association between vaccines and autism was withdrawn because of its poor design and questionable methods. Research shows the disorder is not due to lack of love, emotional trauma, or neglect. Studies have suggested links between male fetal testosterone levels and autism spectrum disorders. Despite being excluded from the DSM-5, Asperger's syndrome sometimes is still used in both the United States and in other countries.
A common reason for this is that a diagnosis of ASD can carry stigma, and people who were previously diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome may still identify with the term and prefer it. A study analyzing the effect of removing Asperger's syndrome from the DSM found the change "has the potential to threaten the identity of those affected," citing autism as a stigmatizing diagnostic label. Some advocacy groups and organizations continue to use the term as well, at least in part because some people continue to identify as having Asperger's , not autism.
Even so, medical consensus continues to move away from the Asperger's syndrome diagnosis. Following the DSM's lead, the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases ICD , to take effect on January 1, , has moved Asperger's syndrome under the autism spectrum disorder umbrella. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life.
A concise history of Asperger syndrome: The short reign of a troublesome diagnosis. Front Psychol. Interactive Autism Network. J Autism Dev Disord. Department of Health and Human Services. DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Gamlin C. When Asperger's disorder came out. Psychiatr Danub. Innovations and changes in the ICD classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders. World Psychiatry. Autism Speaks. When these parents come to Siegel, they get a surprise: She diagnoses their children as suffering from childhood.
Also temperamentally difficult: husbands. Hence the ubiquity of spectrum references in the coastal power centers where Nora Ephron spent most of her time. But I have seen any number of cases of wives accusing husbands of it, any number of cases of husbands claiming to have it. You wish you did; it would exempt you from the rules, give you freedom, absolve you of responsibility, let you date year-olds. The yen to see the world in SpectrumVision is not just a case of glib metaphor abuse.
Some studies of twins suggest that autism traits are distributed throughout the population. No one has been so responsible for the spread of this idea as Baron-Cohen, who has conducted a number of studies showing concentrations of autism among techies. In , he published one asserting that autistic children were twice as likely as non-autistic children to have fathers or grandfathers who were engineers; he found a higher rate of autistic traits among math students at Cambridge than among those in other disciplines; and he has argued that in Silicon Valley, geeks intermarry and are more likely to produce autistic offspring.
Misha Glenny, author of a book about cybercrime, is convinced that hackers are often people on the spectrum who end up outside the law by default—their lack of social skills combined with a surplus of computer know-how. Earlier this month, the British home secretary ruled against the extradition to the U.
Baron-Cohen has come in for criticism by scholars and some autism advocates who view his methods as unrigorous. Other researchers have pointed out that so-called autism clusters tend to be in areas with more highly educated people—who tend to marry older a factor that correlates with higher autism rates and who have the money to have their kids tested. The self-diagnosis boom has been accompanied by self-diagnoses that can be bracing in their unpersuasiveness.
Aspies, self-diagnosed and otherwise, speak of the relief that diagnosis brings. Carley has an unusual background for someone with a disorder characterized by difficulty in social interaction; a graduate of Columbia, he previously worked as a diplomat in Bosnia and Iraq. Penny Spikins, an archaeologist at the University of York, recently published a paper suggesting that autistics were responsible for nothing less than the Stone Age tool revolution.
Less grandly, there may be something to the idea of an affinity between autistics and the Information Age, given that autistics, with their difficulty imagining minds apart from their own, tend to relate better to animals and machines than to people.
Online, the off-putting physical manifestations of spectrum disorders are stripped away. Still, it has become fashionable in some circles to describe the spectrum as the very womb of modernity. David Mamet, in his book Bambi vs. The same rose-colored impulse has driven an Aspie wave of revisionist psychopathography, in which such diverse historical figures as Thomas Jefferson, Orson Welles, Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Andy Warhol, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart are supposed to have been residents of the spectrum.
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